Home was a Hole in the Ground: Memories of Oklahoma Dugouts

Item

Format
journalArticle
Creator
Title
Home was a Hole in the Ground: Memories of Oklahoma Dugouts
Is Part Of
Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal
issn
1552-3934
doi
10.1177/1077727X95233003
Has Version
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077727X95233003
Abstract
In the late nineteenth century, the U.S. government began opening parcels of land in the Oklahoma Territory for homesteading and settlers enthusiastically staked claims and built homes. During the 1930s, under a research program sponsored by the federal Works Progress Administration, 6,300 of those early residents were interviewed concerning their memories of territorial life. An analysis of the responses to those interviews provided descriptive information concerning territorial housing, including dugouts, or dwellings excavated into the earth. The results suggested that dugout construction varied according to characteristics of the landscape, availability of supplementary materials, size and needs of the family, urgency of the desire for shelter, and the skill and creativity of the builder. Oklahoma dugouts were constructed either by digging straight down into the ground or by digging horizontally into the face of a hill. Either type might be completely underground, or it might extend several feet above the ground, the upper portion being built of sod, logs, rock, or lumber. Floods, wild animals, snakes, and insects were a constant menace to Oklahoma dugout dwellers. However, the settlers found that dugouts were lifesaving structures during bitter territorial winters, prairie fires, and cyclones.
Date
1995
pages
268-291
issue
3
volume
23
Subject
Identifier
RQ5GK3S9